Computer

Debian Linux Post Install Notes

Leave a comment

I have just installed a new Debian Linux server, this will be running mainly as a web server without a GUI and console access will be via an SSH login, some knowledge of using Linux is assumed as these notes are intended as a prompt or overview of things to do to as part of a Linux server installation.

I am using Debian version 11.2 – Bullseye, the current version at time of writing, but these notes should work with any distribution that uses the apt package manager like Ubuntu. The ISO image used for installation came from https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current-live/amd64/iso-hybrid/ and I have used the Xfce install: debian-live-11.2.0-amd64-xfce.iso (2.4G download). A guide for installing the Debian image can be found on this TecAdmin page.

At the Console

Your computer is now inviting you to login, do so with your local user and once the default desktop has been created open a terminal window to complete the following; switch to the root user and add your local user to the sudoers group:

Now logout and back in, this updates your user account settings, and go back to the terminal to update the system, install ssh access and a couple of useful tools, and finally set the computer to boot to console rather than the GUI:

If you have installed into a virtual machine now is a good time to install the guest client, links to popular VM’s:

Finding your IP address is useful:

In this instance it is 192.168.1.20. For a server I would normally fix the IP address in my router as a Reserved Address using the MAC (in this case: 02:11:32:23:83:6c).

Removing libreoffice clears a useful amount of diskspace:

Restart with $ sudo reboot You can now login via SSH from your other computer or continue at the console.

Installing the LAMP service – MySql, Apache and PHP

Start with MySql (MariaDB being the open source version), installing, configuring and starting:

For the secure installation, use the defaults and set the password when prompted. Next is Apache and PHP:

Point your web browser to the server address, in my case: http://192.168.1.20, and you should see the default Apache page. The web pages are in /var/www I normally add a symbolic link and change permissions on the html directory so I can add files easily:

Accessing a Network Drive

I want to be able to access some network drives from this server, these are setup as Windows (SMB) file shares.

create a file with your file share username and password, this should go into /etc, I normally call the file the name of the server I want to connect to, and set permissions so it is only readable by root:

And add the connection to the end of your /etc/fstab file, and mount the drives:

Check that it mounted with $ df -h. The file share will also automatically mount at boot.

Other Useful Things

Installing a downloaded .deb file with dependencies, in this case for the no longer manufactured Logitech Media Server:

Links and Sources

Computer, Hardware, Interesting

Setting up a Cisco SPA122 for use with UK Telephones

Leave a comment

This is more of a nostalgia trip / messing about thing rather than a serious use of Voice over IP (VoIP). The Cisco SPA122 ATA with Router (Analog Telephone Adapter) is a small box that allows old analog phones to be connected to a VoIP network. At the time of writing Cisco no longer manufactures these and they are currently in an end of life plan.

Cisco SPA122 ATA
Cisco SPA122 ATA with Router

I am setting this up to use two handsets that can be used to call each other through the SPA122. I don’t have a VoIP service here and don’t have need for one. Later, I will be setting up a couple of modems and using them for a dialup connection, in this part I will be going through the setup and configuration of the SPA122.
SPA122 And Two Telephones

You will need:

  • An SPA122 – I got mine from eBay, check that you are purchasing a vanilla model, rather than one that has been configured by a carrier, be wary if it has any other logos printed on it as it may be locked to that carrier.
  • A 5V power supply, this must be capable of providing at least 2A.
  • Two telephones – I got these from the Charity Shop, get ones with tone dialing (DTMF), pulse dialing will not work – I’ve also found using better quality phones made in the early 2000’s work better than cheap new ones, I ended up with BT Decor 1100 and BT Decor 1200 phones.
  • Two adapters to convert the UK phone plug to RJ11 sockets on the SPA122. Search for “RJ11 to BT Socket” on eBay or Amazon, these are cheap.
  • A wired LAN connection to your network.
  • A computer, preferably with WiFi as well as a Wired Connection, I used a Raspberry Pi 4.
RJ11 to BT Socket Connector

Default Settings

  • IP Address: 192.168.15.1 – with a computer plugged into the yellow ethernet port
  • Username: admin
  • Password: admin

Resetting the SPA122 and Gaining Access

With a network lead from your computer to the yellow ethernet port on the SPA122 open your web browser and try the address 192.168.1.15. You should now see the login screen, try the login details above.

That probably didn’t work. To reset to factory default settings use a paperclip on the rear panel reset button. With the unit powered on, use the end of a paperclip to press into the red hole marked RESET located on the bottom-left side of the back panel of the SPA122. Press and hold for at least a full 20 seconds and the Power LED will start to blink when the restore process begins, this will take around two minutes to complete. Now try logging in as admin again.

Once logged in, change the admin password to something else, if left at the default it will refuse to work.

If you are really unlucky the reset button may have been disabled in the firmware. At this stage I don’t know what to do if this has happened.

You can also configure the device by pressing the star button on your handset four times (****) but that way madness lies.

Upgrade the Firmware

At time of writing, the firmware version available from Cisco is Release 1.4.1 SR5. The update appears to be fixing a variety of security problems. You can find the current Firmware Version in Status > System Information.

Updating is straight forward. Download the file, and unzip it to extract the Payton_1.4.1_SR5_101419_1250_pfmwr.bin file, then in the SPA122 pages in your web browser go to Administration > Firmware Upgrade and follow the instructions. Everything here has been written for this version of the firmware.

Network Configuration

Even though in this case we won’t be using this as VoIP over the network, it still needs a network connection to operate.

In the Network Setup > Network Service set this to Bridge. This will allow a computer plugged into the yellow ethernet port to access / pass through to the blue Internet port which would be connected to your LAN.

Make a note of the SPA122’s WAN MAC Address, found in Status > System Settings, it may be useful for finding the box on your network when you make it available on your LAN in the next step.

Now to access the SPA122’s web pages from your LAN, go to Administration > Web Access Management and set Admin Access to Enable. Apply the changes and attach a cable from your LAN to the blue Internet port, you should now be able to login from any computer on your network. Your main router will have a list of attached devices, use the MAC address to help quickly find the designated IP address. The computer you were using to configure the ATA may need restarting to pick up an IP address from the LAN.

Although I have not tested this, with a handset attached to one of the phone ports dial * * * * and listen, if you can hear a slightly sinister automated voice saying “System Configuration Menu” then dial 1 1 0 # slowly, the key presses are read back to you, the device will then tell you its IP address 192.168.x.x.

SPA122 Ports
SPA122 Ports

Telephone Configuration

Now we are in the Voice section. At this stage listening on a handset just produces silence, or a quiet buzzing, like from a poor power supply. For setting up the ATA will need to be restarted several times. Go to Quick Setup and set the user and dial plan for each line. The dial plan describes how the call is to be handled, numbers can be blocked, routed to different ones, or in this case be routed to another port.

Line 1:
User ID: 101
Dial Plan:
(*xx|[3469]11|0|00|[2-9]xxxxxx|1xxx[2-9]xxxxxxS0|xxxxxxxxxxxx.|<018118055:101>S0<:@127.0.0.1:5061>|)

Line 2:
User ID: 100
Dial Plan:
(*xx|[3469]11|0|00|[2-9]xxxxxx|1xxx[2-9]xxxxxxS0|xxxxxxxxxxxx.|<018118055:100>S0<:@127.0.0.1:5060>|)

I have used 018118055 as the number, but you can set this to anything you like. Both phones are on the same number, but they behave separately so you can ring one from the other. If the phone has a caller ID display it will show the user ID, 100 or 101.

Click submit to save the changes, once restarted and logged back in, we now need to add a bit more detail, go to Voice > Line 1, and set the following:

Proxy and Registration:
Make Call Without Reg: yes
Ans Call Without Reg: yes
Audio Configuration:
Preferred Codec: G729a
Second Preferred Codec: G711u
All lines that start with FAX: set to no or none as appropriate
Modem Line: yes

The FAX settings are to do with using modems in the future. All other settings can be left at their defaults. Click submit to save the settings, this takes a few seconds, and once you have logged back in go to Voice > Line 2 and set the same settings as those you just set for Line 1.

You should now be able to make a call from one phone to the other, but the ring and dial tones will sound wrong as they are for those used in the USA.

Setting the Tones

Now we need to set the dial tones and ringer for those used in the UK, in Voice > Regional you can see there are quite a few options to be set, but here I will only be setting the ones most commonly used.

Call Progress Tones:
Dial Tone: 350@-19,440@-22;10(*/0/1+2)
Busy Tone: 400@-20;10(.375/.375/1)
Off Hook Warning Tone: 480@-10,620@-16,1400@0,2060@0,2450@0,2600@0;60(.2/0/1,.2/0/2);240(.1/.1/3+4+5+6)
Distinctive Ring/CWT Pattern Names:
Ring1 Cadence: 60(.4/.2,.4/2)
Ring2 Cadence: 60(1/2)
Ring3 Cadence: 60(.25/.25,.25/.25,.25/1.75)
Ring4 Cadence: 60(.4/.8)
Ring5 Cadence: 60(2/4)
Ring and Call Waiting Tone Spec:
Ring Waveform: Trapezoid
Ring Frequency: 25
Ring Voltage: 60
Frequency: 400@-10
Miscellaneous:
FXS Port Impedance: 370+620||310nF
FXS Port Input Gain: 0
Caller ID Method: ETSI FSK With PR (UK)

My source for UK Regional Settings is below in the Links and Sources where you can find the complete list.

My Work Here is Done

Congratulations, you can now ring one telephone from another using the old fashioned technique of pushing buttons.

Next in this series will be setting up for modems, and involves using a Raspberry Pi as a router.

Links and Sources

Computer, linux, Raspberry Pi

Setup a Network Camera with a Raspberry PI

2 Comments

In this post I am setting up a network available RTSP video camera on a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B with the latest Debian Buster installed, you will also want another ‘remote’ computer with VLC installed on the same network. I have used a camera module connected via a ribbon cable to the Pi’s video port. The performance is more like what you would see from a security camera rather than some fancy dedicated device. I will be making the configuration with a bash shell using SSH rather than the GUI.
A Camera for the Pi

Installation

If you haven’t already, enable the camera on the Pi with sudo raspi-config and go to Interface Options > Camera. To reduce the load on the computer I also set the Pi to boot to the Console in System Options > Boot / Auto Login and selecting Console, you should also check that at least 256MB of memory is allocated to the GPU in Performance Options > GPU Memory, when complete reboot to set the updated configuration.

Install some prerequisites, you may have some or all of these installed already:

Next add the Video For Linux (V4L) Repository, this adds the drivers for the video on the hardware side

and add the following line to your apt sources with $ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

We can now install the V4L packages:

We now need to install the RTSP server from Git, this server connects to the V4L drivers above:

Configuration

To setup V4L, edit the configuration file $ sudo nano /etc/uv4l/uv4l-raspicam.conf and update the driver options and uncomment the h264 options:

Restart the service once you have saved the file:

Useful screen Resolutions; designation, ratio: width x height:

  • 1080p, 16:9: 1920 x 1080
  • 720p, 16:9: 1280 x 720
  • 720, 4:3: 1296 x 792
  • Standard Definition, 4:3: 640 x 480

I’ve chosen 720p 16:9 widescreen, this gives a good image quality without stressing the Pi 4B. The framerate is a compromise between quality and usability, its unlikely you would want to go above 25fps.

Connecting

If you don’t know it already, find the IP address of your Pi with $ ip a. Look for the address in eth0 or wlan0 depending on if you are using ethernet or wireless. In this case I will be using 192.168.2.33 in the examples.

Start the RTSP server with:

Replace user:password with a suitable username and password. I have assumed that the camera is on /dev/video0, you can test this with:

and look for a line such as Driver version: 5.10.17, if this is 0.0.0 then try a different device, /dev/video1, /dev/video2 etc.

On a successful load it will tell you the connection:

Now on your ‘remote’ computer open VLC and choose Media > Open Network Stream and place the given stream address into the network URL, you will then be asked for the username and password. For me it took less than five seconds for an image to appear, there is a fairly high latency on the image shown, the picture lags by about a second from reality.

Using OpenCV

You can access the stream using Python scripts and OpenCV on your ‘remote’ computer for AI/Machine Learning. For me this is a Debian Linux box with FFmpeg as OpenCV uses this to access the stream.

You can check OpenCV is working with FFmpeg with:

and looking in the output for FFMPEG saying YES:

Links and Sources

history, Sheffield

History: The Watermills of Sheffield

There are 149 watermills and dams shown on this interactive map, dating from the 1200’s to the 1930’s all using water power to drive tilt hammers, blowers for forgers, grinding wheels for sharpening knifes and scythes as well for the milling of corn and other grains. Each mill has a brief chapter of the places history taken from the book ‘The Water-Mills of Sheffield’ by W.T. Miller, 2nd Issue, published in 1947.

The map has been designed for use with mobile phones, and the GPS can be used to find your location when you are out and about, on a desktop computer the GPS will not work. Click on a dot to see the mill name, and then click on the name for some interesting facts. On your mobile use the menu (top right) to turn GPS on to show your position.

Link: https://www.g7smy.co.uk/history/watermills/

The Watermills of Sheffield
Computer, Jetson, linux, Programming

Jetson Nano Install Notes

The Jetson Nano Developer kit – B01 is a small computer comprising of an NVIDA Maxwell GPU, Quad-Core ARM Cortex-A57 Processor and 4GB of Memory along with four USB 3 ports, Gigabit Ethernet, HDMI and Display Port output, main storage is on a MicroSD card and there is a variety of selection of expansion available via GPIO, I2C and UART. On the software side NVIDIA provide their JetPack SDK – a customised version of Ubuntu. This development kit has been produced to provide an entry point into Machine Learning, for which I will be using Python programming language. I got my board from Pimoroni

Jetson Nano
Jetson Nano
GPU 128-core Maxwell
CPU Quad-core ARM A57 @ 1.43 GHz
Memory 4 GB 64-bit LPDDR4 25.6 GB/s
Storage microSD (not included)
Video Encode 4K @ 30 | 4x 1080p @ 30 | 9x 720p @ 30 (H.264/H.265)
Video Decode 4K @ 60 | 2x 4K @ 30 | 8x 1080p @ 30 | 18x 720p @ 30 (H.264/H.265)
Camera 2x MIPI CSI-2 DPHY lanes
Connectivity Gigabit Ethernet, M.2 Key E
Display HDMI and display port
USB 4x USB 3.0, USB 2.0 Micro-B
Others GPIO, I2C, I2S, SPI, UART
Mechanical 69 mm x 45 mm, 260-pin edge connector

These notes cover my process of setting one up and links to the documentation, it not intended to repeat those install guides but to provide an install sequence and any additional commentary as needed. I’m going to assume you have a little experience of using the terminal and am familiar with using the bash command line – I’ve no idea how this would be done through the GUI.

jetson nano ports
Jetson Nano ports [source: NVIDIA]

Initial Startup

I followed the instructions for downloading and installing JetPack 4.4 on https://nvidia.com/jetsonnano-start I used a 64GB Class 10, UHS-I, U3, V30 SanDisk card. I formatted the card in a camera before using balenaEtcher to write the JetPack SDK image, this creates a partition of about 16GB on the card formatted to ext4, during installation the volume is resized to fill the card.

jetson nano connections
Jetson Nano connections [source: NVIDIA]

Despite using a good quality USB power supply with an output of 3 Amps at 5 Volts into the Micro USB port the computer would only boot long enough for the NVIDIA logo to appear on screen but after a few seconds the green power LED would go out and it would be off, the same happened when I tried a variety of USB power supplies used. I got round the problem buy using a 5 Amp power supply connected to the barrel jack J25 on the left (centre pin positive) and connecting the jumper J48 located just behind this connector.

Customising the Setup

There are a couple of thigs to do, get a network volume mounted and set the default version of python.

For the network share install samba, some network utilities and the nano text editor:

create a text file: sudo nano /etc/samaba/videoserver with the following:

And set the permissions sudo chmod 600 /etc/samba/videoserver. In this example I have a network share on my server; 192.168.1.30, called video. Create a mount point for the share: sudo mkdir /mnt/video now you need to edit fstab, sudo nano /etc/fstab and add your network connection to the end:

Reload fstab with sudo mount -a and check for any errors. Because of the way that Jetpack boots it does not appear to wait for the network so the share needs to be set to automount and this causes it to only appear in drive listings when accessed. Further reading can be found in this excellent guide to fstab: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/fstab.

Jetpack 4.4 comes with two versions of Python, 2.7 and 3.6, I want it to default to 3.6 and while this is rather out of date I don’t want to go down the hole of upgrading just yet, you will also need to install pip and set pip3 as the default too.

and test its worked:

I did get an error later on, a crash was reported on the desktop when an occasional python 2 script ran. I fixed the error in /usr/sbin/l4t_payload_updater_t210 by changing the first line of the file from !#/user/bin/python to !#/user/bin/python2

Post Install Problems

A recent update occured, so I did the usual sudo apt get update && sudo apt get upgrade but one of the files gave a script error, this turned out to be with nvidia-l4t-bootloader, like so:

after some head scratching, it turns out this script is python2 only. I reverted back to the python 2.7 as the default, and tried again:

Afterwards I set the default back to python 3.6 again.

Setup the Machine Learning

There are three Machine Learning packages, OpenCV for Computer Vison, Tensorflow for machine learning models, and TensorRT – accelerated deep learning networks for image recognition.

OpenCV is already installed in Python:

Tensorflow installation can be found here: https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/frameworks/install-tf-jetson-platform/ I found this to be straight forward but it did keep the computer busy for a while.

TensorRT can be found at: https://github.com/dusty-nv/jetson-inference/blob/master/docs/building-repo-2.md I used the instructions in the Quick Reference section and installed the default models without any errors, I have not yet had the opportunity to test it.

Further Reading

Computer, linux, Raspberry Pi

Copying and Resizing a Raspberry Pi SD Card

The Micro SD Card I use in a Raspberry PI ran out of space so here is how I copied the contents of the 15GB drive to a new 64GB card and resized the partition. I used a separate computer running Debian and as the machine does not have a monitor or keyboard attached this will be being completed through the bash command line using SSH.

1. Making a copy of the SD Card.

Insert the old card into your computer, if the computer attempts to mount the drive then unmount it. We need to find which mount point has been used, do this with the lsblk command:

The device sde matches our SD card. So we will use that. The dd command is used to create the ISO image, I am creating the file in my home directory:

once complete, check that the records match:

Swap the SD cards and check the mount point again:

Now copy the iso image to the new card:

this can take a while, the write speed is rather slow:

and lsblk shows us the new partitions:

2. Resizing the partition

The copied partition is now the same size as the original. If you have space remaining, the new card can be put back in the Pi and use the raspi-config utility, and using the Expand Filesystem option in the Advanced Settings section. However if the drive is completely full you won’t be able to login as there won’t be enough space available for the temporary files created at login, to get round this you can use parted to resize, start with:

if you get the following message:

then quit from parted, if you are using a full size SD Card, check the Write Protect tab on the side of the card and try again, otherwise try:

If problem persists try formatting the new card in a camera, as these have a simple file system, and write the ISO image again.

We need to resize the larger partition /dev/sde2 with the ext4 file system, the smaller is used to boot the Pi and can be ignored. In parted, list the partitions with the print command:

Using resizepart set the new size, I set this to larger than the 15GB but smaller than the unallocated space, this to save me having to accurately work out the remaining space manually:

Now update the boundaries to grow and resize the partition into the freshly allocated space:

Now boot the Pi with the new card, login and use the raspi-config utility then in Advanced Options choose Expand Filesystem and follow the onscreen instructions. Once rebooted you should now be set to fill up your new card.

Links and Sources

Computer, linux, Programming

Extracting GPS data from the GoPro 7

2 Comments

While extracting the telemetry data from the GoPro is reasonably well documented I have found some gaps for getting the extracting utilities installed and when extracting and combining data from multiple files. These notes are for a Debian/Ubuntu installation in a BASH Shell.

Installing the gopro-utils

As I couldn’t find any straightforward instructions for installation, I’ll be going through everything I needed to do to get it working, you may have some of these packages installed already.

Now to get the gopro-utils and install them, I’m placing the source files into my Downloads directory, as well as the GPS data extractor we’ll be adding the other telemetry tools too, this is all a bit long winded.

Extracting the Data

You will need to find which stream in the video recording the data has been saved to, to find this use ffprobe to examine the recording and look for the stream that contains GoPro MET, for example:

You can see that what we are wanting is on stream 3, as far as I can tell this stays the same every time, I don’t know if it is different for other GoPro models.

This bash script extracts the GPS data in GPX format from all the GoPro GX recordings in the directory, other options have been commented out, if you are using Garmin VIRB edit there is also an option for use with that. The script creates two files, one that contains the raw data and another with the desired GPS data, the GPS output file has the same name as the recording, but in lowercase with a .gpx extension.

Merging GPX files

As the GoPro splits recordings into 4GB blocks, when extracting you will get a single GPX file for each recording. Many pages found by Google say that to create a single track from these all you need to do is append the files into one big file. This is wrong, what you end up with is a single file with many short tracks, when what you are after is one long track covering the entire journey. This bash script uses gpsbabel to create single merged file from the extracted GPX data, it creates a file called “gpsoutput.gpx”.

The next stage will be to write a script that combines all these and completes the job in one easy process.

Links and Sources

CNC, Computer, Electronics, Hardware

Using Inkscape for CNC designs

Inkscape is a free vector graphics editor for all major platforms, generally it is aimed at art and design users but it does have an option for generating G-Code for use in your favourite CNC software. While Inkscape doesn’t have many of the functions of proper CAD/CAM software it is an relatively easy place to start for creating basic designs, I have been using it to make boxes out of 3.5mm plywood.

These notes are based around my cheap CNC machine sold as an CNC3018 by a variety of Chinese manufacturers on Amazon and eBay, the included controller is a Woodpecker CNC board (Ardunio clone) I have upgraded to GRBL v1.1 and I am using version 0.92.4 (April 2019) of Inkscape with the included Gcodetools.

CNC Wood Cutting

This post focuses on setting up Inkscape for the CNC machine and producing the g-code from your drawing, it is not intended to be an Inkscape tutorial.

Document Setup

With a new drawing set your Document Size, this should be the same as your CNC bed, in my case this is 300 x 180mm. From the Inkscape menu go to File > Properties and in the Page Tab set the Display Units (millimeters in my case), the Orientation to Landscape and Page Size width: 300 and height: 180. In the Grids Tab set the Grid Units to mm and the Spacing X and Spacing Y to 1.0. Back on your main page, turn the page grid on with: View > Page Grid.

Inkscape Document Properties

By default Inkscape scales the stroke/line width when you resize a shape, to prevent this click the the fourth box from the right in the top icon bar “when scaling objects, scale the stroke width by the same proportion”

Turn Line Scaling off to prevent the line width changing when resizing

You can save this as a template, such as: CNC3018.svg or as the document default with: default.svg by saving the file to your templates directory:
On Linux and OS X: ~/.config/inkscape/templates/
On Windows: C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\inkscape\templates

The lines you draw will need to be the same width as the bit you are using in the CNC machine. Draw a rectangle, Right mouse click on the rectangle and select Fill and Stroke…. In the Fill Tab click the X – no paint box and on the Stroke Style tab set the width to that of the bit you are using – 1.5mm, subsequent rectangles will be in the same style, other shapes will need to be setup this way too. The colour of your lines should be black, there is some functionality for different colours to represent different depths but I have not yet worked out how to do this.

Setting the line width

Layout Tips for G-Code Routing

Remember to check the dimensions of the cuts, with an outside cut such as the width and height of a box side you need to measure for the inside of your rectangle, for holes in your box measure to the outside edge, Inkscape sets distances to the outside edge.

For positioning holes for switches and the like, I add thin lines 0.1mm thick as guides and make use of the width/height settings as well as the Object > Align and Distribute options. A pair of digital vernier calipers are a great aid to discovering the required sizes. Remember to delete these before G-Code encoding.

Using guidelines for accurate layout

When generating the G-Code each shape will be seen as an individual object, so lets say you want to have two sides of your box cut from a single sheet of plywood, this would be two rectangles abutting each other with a side to be cut overlapping. As it takes four passes to cut each shape 1mm at a time, this means it’ll take six passes down the centre. To fix this select both rectangles and then Path > Combine followed by Path > Difference to make a single object.

Outputting to G-Code

Now that you have completed your drawing, save your work then convert your objects to paths by selecting all objects then Path > Object to Path. You may also want to place your drawing near the bottom left of the document, as this is where the CNC router starts. Now using Gcodetools there are three things you need to do to produce the G-Code file. None of the Gcodetools windows close automatically when apply is clicked, you will need to do that yourself. From the Inkscape menu:

1. Extensions > Gcodetools > Tools Libary…
Select Tools Type: cylinder and click apply In the overlarge green box that appears you will need to set the tool diameter and feed speed.

Gcodetools Tools Library

This can be a bit fiddly as the text can become detached from the box and the settings lost, what seems to work most reliably for me is to change to Text Objects (F8) click on the numbers you want to change and once done go back to Select and Transform (F1). Resize the box afterwards to check that it is still working – if the green box moves but the text does not then Ctrl-Z a few times and try again.

Gcodetools Tools Library – Green background is detached from the text – this won’t work.
setting default used description
Diameter 10 1.5 tool bit diameter in mm
Feed 400 300 speed while cutting through the material in mm/second
Penetration angle 90 90
Penetration feed 100 100 Plunge speed in the material in mm/second
Depth Step 1 1 Depth of cut on each pass in mm

2. Extensions > Gcodetools > Orientation Points
This tells the g-code where to start, normally bottom-left on the CNC Set the following:
– Orientation type: 2-points mode
– Z Surface: 0mm – this is the top of your surface
– Z Depth: -3.4mm – this is the thickness of material to cut, a negative number

With the Orientation Points added.

3. Extensions > Gcodetools > Path to Gcode
This creates the G-code file, in the Preferences Tab set the following:
– File: output filename 
– Directory: output directory
– Z safe height: 5mm – height above the work surface when moving between cuts
The filename once set doesn’t change, an incremental number is appended to the output filename. Click the Path to Gcode Tab before clicking apply (this appears to be a bug).

Your image will be updated to show the g-code routing, give this a visual check to ensure that all objects have been coded and that it looks right, the path to be taken should be in colour and contain arrows showing the direction of the router.

If there are too many arrows or if a line has arrows pointing in different directions then there may be an object underneath, check on your original artwork, in the image with the three circles below you see that A has not been converted to a path with Path > Object to Path, B has a duplicate object underneath and C is correct.

Gcode check; A and B have problems, C is correct.

The generated G-Code does not appear to include the Spindle Motor Start command – So remember to start the spindle manually in your CNC software before running the G-Code – its interesting how easily these bits break with a sideways load. Remember if you are cutting trough rather than engraving, don’t forget to put a layer to sacrifice between whatever you are making and the CNC’s bed, I use 5mm MDF/Fibreboard.

Links and Sources